Análisis de diagnóstico e indicaciones para realizar una microcirugía apical en endodoncia.

Abstract

Introduction: Microsurgery in endodontics was developed as an alternative method against the failure that can exist in conventional endodontic retreatments in order to avoid extraction of the affected piece. Objective: Analyze diagnostic methods and indications to perform apical microsurgery in endodontics. Methodology: This study is retrospective - cross-sectional, with a qualitative approach and a descriptive - analytical design made up of approximately 210 scientific articles, distributed among literature reviews, clinical cases, randomized clinical trials related to diagnostic methods and indications to perform apical microsurgery. Results: The information collected revealed the causes for which non-surgical endodontic treatment can fail, describing: coronal leakage (30%), missing canal (19,7%), underfilling (14,2%), complex anatomy (8,7%), overfilling (3,0%), iatrogenic problems (2,8%), apical calculus (1,8%), apical cracks (1,2%) and of unknown origin (18%). Conclusion: The best and only method currently used to diagnose apical pathology is cone beam computed tomography, and the indications to perform this procedure are based on the failure of conventional root canal treatment followed by a failed retreatment for technical reasons of the professional or anatomical of the piece.