Efecto de la aplicación de la dieta hiperproteica predominante de origen vegetal en el perfil nutricional en pacientes con tratamiento de sustitución renal.

Abstract

The objective that was raised in this research was to know the impact of the modification of food intake on the nutritional profile of patients with chronic kidney disease, who are in renal replacement therapy. For this, it was possible to have a sample of 75 patients from the Serdidyv hemodialysis center (HC), in the city of Guayaquil, 33% female, with a mean age of 58 years. Subject to acceptance by those responsible for the LC, a variation in the regular diet was proposed to the patients so that the prevailing source of protein would be of plant origin. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were trained on cooking techniques and the inclusion of foods in their diet, in addition to assessing their regular intake, through the 24-hour recall and frequency of consumption questionnaires. They also underwent an anthropometric and body composition evaluation, using bioimpedance, and this initial information was complemented with the results of regular biochemical tests to determine an initial nutritional profile. After 60 days, the selected parameters were evaluated again to compare and establish significant differences between both measures. In the initial assessment, 58% of the patients appeared to be overweight or obese and classified with the Ulibarri scale, 32% with some degree of malnutrition, and more than 73% classified as having inadequate intake, according to the index of healthy eating (IAS). When analyzing the significant differences between the averages of 9 selected variables, in all the comparisons P values less than 0.001 were found, these results suggesting an impact of the modification of the intake in its nutritional profile.