Evaluación de los niveles de lactato sérico y base exceso en el pronóstico de los pacientes con shock en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil “Los Ceibos” en el año 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Shock is a state of tissue hypoperfusion, dependent on anaerobic metabolism, producing lactic acid and other inorganic acids that accumulate. Serum lactate is a reliable indicator of oxygen loading and actual perfusion status, is useful in defining types of shock and contributes to early resuscitation, which along with base excess is correlated with risk of morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum lactate levels and base excess in patients with shock in the Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: The research has a quantitative, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical approach. Results: A sample of 140 patients was obtained. The mean age was 65.07 years with SD=17.68. The Pearson correlation between lactate values and the APACHE scale showed a value of 0.212. 51.4% of the patients presented mortality with a mean lactate of 3.20 with SD=1.91 and a mean base excess of -7.38 with SD=7.14; while 48.6% of the patients who survived presented a mean lactate of 2.49 with SD=1.00 and a mean base excess of -8.07 with SD=5.84. Conclusions: When comparing lactate values with mortality in patients with shock showed a value of P=0.008 (presenting a statistically significant relationship); while, measuring excess base values with mortality in patients with shock had a value of P=0.530 (not presenting a statistically significant relationship).