Análisis clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes con cáncer de esófago en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo - SOLCA durante el período de enero del 2014 a enero del 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer of the esophagus ranks eighth in frequency worldwide. The incidence of the number of people who develop esophageal cancer is expected to continue to increase over the years. Mortality is high, because most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages and treatment is delayed. Objective: Analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with esophageal cancer at the National Oncological Institute Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo - SOLCA during the period from January 2014 to January 2019. Relate risk factors and clinical manifestations with histological type of esophageal cancer. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational study. 83 patients who met the inclusion criteria were investigated. The variables were statistically analyzed and interpreted using the SPSS software. Results: The male sex predominated (80.7%). The most frequent age group was 65-74 years (28.9%). Squamous cell carcinoma (63.9%) and adenocarcinoma (36.1%) presented. The most frequent location for squamous cell carcinoma was the middle third (45.3%), and for adenocarcinoma it was the distal third (86.7%). The risk factors were smoking (32.5%), GERD (30.1%) and Barrett's esophagus (22.9%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were dysphagia (72.3%), weight loss (61.4%), epigastric pain (36.1%) and cough (16.9%). Conclusions: Esophageal cancer affects more males and between 65-74 years. The main histological type found is squamous cell carcinoma in the middle third and adenocarcinoma in the distal third associated with GERD and Barrett's esophagus.