Mortalidad en prematuros de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante desde diciembre de 2017 a noviembre del 2019 y su asociación con factores de riesgo.

Abstract

Background. - Prematurity is the leading cause of death in neonates according to the WHO. Presenting a higher risk of dying with less weight and gestational age; sepsis, among the most frequent. Objective. - Determine what are the neonatal and maternal demographic and biological risk factors associated with mortality in premature infants. Methods - Certain risk factors were chosen for both the newborn and the mother, feasible to be measured, with a population of 100 premature infants, of whom 52 died and 48 remained alive. The proportion of hospitalized premature infants and mortality are described, and a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical study was performed, calculating chi square, and Odds ratio. Results. - The proportion of premature infants cared for in the hospital was 38%, 13% dying, being associated with the TRIPS scale assessment, with a score greater than 30 being more frequent; It was also determined that the lower the weight and the gestational age, the higher the mortality; association was obtained with the APGAR score at 5 minutes less than or equal to 6; Among the pathologies, there was an association with pulmonary hemorrhage with an OR of 10,222 and respiratory distress syndrome type 1 with an OR of 4,012. Conclusions - It is considered necessary to emphasize prenatal control to avoid premature birth as much as possible, improve neonatal transport with trained personnel; It is necessary to acquire skills in the immediate care of the newborn regarding neonatal resuscitation and its specific care.