Evaluación del deterioro cognitivo según las escalas Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PDCRS) y Montreal Cognitive Assessment – Basic (MoCA-B) en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson durante el periodo septiembre 2018 - agosto 2019 en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Abstract

Background/aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative type disease, in which cognitive dysfunction and dementia are common, these are classically manifested as a subcortical dementia, with psychomotor retardation, impaired memory and altered personality. The MoCA-B and PDCRS cognitive scales used to measure cognitive impairment are useful neuropsychological tools in this area, so the main objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Basic (MoCA-B) cognitive scale in relation to Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PDCRS) in the assessment of cognitive impairment. Methods: The method of data collection was carried out through the interview where the MOCA TEST and the PDCRS TEST were conducted in the patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 80 patients were included. Results: It was determined that 39/72 (54.2%) patients had moderate cognitive impairment, followed by 24/72 (33.3%) patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 9/72 (12.5%) patients had no cognitive impairment according to MoCA. 48/80 (60.0%) patients had cognitive impairment according to PDCRS. The MoCA parameter that had the greatest influence was verbal fluency (OR: 1,474, 95% CI: 1,142 - 1,902, p <0.001). Conclusion: MoCA can estimate the degree of severity of cognitive impairment as opposed to PDCRS. The cut-off point of PDCRS (≤71) is equivalent to moderate cognitive impairment and dementia of MoCA. In addition, male sex is related to cognitive impairment in these patients. The components of MoCA that most influence in determining cognitive impairment are visual perception, deferred memory, executive function, verbal fluency and calculus.