Factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de caries en niños de la escuela San Francisco de Asís, Galápagos 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Dental caries in children is one of the most important health problems around the world, this being a chronic process whose sign is the localized destruction of dental structure and with several determinants that act in different grades in each child of the different communities . Purpose: The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for the development of caries in children of the San Francisco de Asís school in Galapagos, during the A 2019 cycle, through a clinical evaluation. Materials and methods: this study corresponded to a clinical investigation of an observational approach of transversal type. The sample consisted of 100 children of both genders between the ages of 5 and 11 evaluated under a descriptive statistical test. Results: The average plaque index in the study group was: code 0: 5%, code 1: 27%, code 2: 58%, code 3: 10%. The average salivary flow in the study group was: 0.9ml: 37%, 1.5ml: 40%, 3ml: 2%, 4.5ml: 12%, 6ml: 1%, 7.5ml: 8%. The hydrogenation potential (pH) average values presented in the study group were: pH 5: 1%, pH 6: 49%, pH 7: 30%, pH 8: 14%, pH 9: 4%, pH 10: 14% The average cariogenic risk presented by the sample was: high cariogenic risk: 57%, moderate cariogenic risk: 43% and low cariogenic risk 0%. Discussion: The main risk factors for the development of caries are bacterial plaque, salivary flow, pH level, diet, gender and age, agreeing with similar works such as Ramón R, et al where he mentions and analyzes these risk factors for the development of caries. Conclusion: It is concluded in the present study that bacterial plaque, diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates and sugars and age are the main risk factors for the development of caries that were presented in the study group. The values of salivary pH and salivary flow of the studied group were not a specific determinant for the development of caries, these values being within the normal ranges.