Evaluación de las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en colecistectomía convencional vs colecistectomía laparoscópica en pacientes de 15 – 62 años en el Hospital Básico Durán y el Hospital de la Policía Nacional de Guayaquil No. 2, en el período comprendido entre mayo 2017 a mayo 2018.

Abstract

Cholecystectomy is the most frequent surgical procedure performed in hospital centers, as the treatment of choice for biliary tract and gallbladder pathologies. In Ecuador, there are no recorded data on the exact prevalence of gallbladder pathologies or their postsurgical complications, however, it should be noted that in Latin America it is reported that between 5 - 15% of the population develop vesicular lithiasis. Therefore, it is important to know the benefits and postoperative complications of these procedures in these health institutions, which will help prevent immediate postoperative difficulties and thus achieve a complete and effective recovery of patients. A non-experimental, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, prevalence, correlational, and cohort analytical study was carried out. The universe consists of patients who underwent laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy at the National Police Hospital of Guayaquil No. 2 and the Basic Hospital of Duran in the period of May 2017 - May 2018. The sample consists of 110 patients cholecystectomized via laparoscopic or conventional. Data collection was done by reviewing medical records. The results reveal that those patients who underwent open cholecystectomy present an increased risk of infection of the surgical wound, in comparison with those who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, (RR: 1.78 vs. 0.55). Nausea and vomiting occurred more frequently as an evaluation of signs and symptoms that occurred in the immediate postoperative period of cholecystectomized patients (28.2%). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe for the patient since it is not so invasive and with a low percentage of complications in the immediate postoperative period.